Theodor Mommsen (1817–1903) – a historian, archaeologist, professor of Roman law. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1902 for his monumental historical novel History of Rome. He gave lectures at the University of Wrocław in 1854–1857, Archive of
the University of Wrocław.

Philipp Lenard (1862–1947) – a physicist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1905 for his work on cathode radiation. He gave lectures on the University of Wrocław in the academic year of 1894/1895, Archive of the University of Wrocław.

Eduard Buchner (1860–1917) – a chemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1907 for his research on extracorporeal fermentation processes. Professor of the University of Wrocław in 1906–1911, Archive of the University of Wrocław.

Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915) – a chemist and bacteriologist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1908 for his pioneer work in the field of immunology. He came from Strzelin and he graduated from the St. Magdalen Gymnasium in Wroclaw. He studied medicine at the University of Wrocław, Archive of the University of Wrocław.

Fritz Haber (1868–1934) – a chemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1918 for developing a method to synthetize ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen from atmosphere. He was born in Wroclaw. He attended St. Elizabeth Gymnasium and he studied and he studied at the University of Wrocław, SLUB / Deutsche Fotothek.

Friedrich Bergius (1884–1949) – a chemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1931 for inventing chemical high-pressure methods, including a method of hydrogenation hard coal and lignite to liquid hydrocarbons (synthetic gasoline). In 1903–1907 he studied in Wrocław and Leipzig, Wellcome Library.

Erwin Schroedinger (1887–1961) – a physicist, one of the founders of quantum mechanics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1933 for working on a mathematical formulation of wave mechanics. He gave lectures at the University of Wrocław in 1921, SLUB / Deutsche Fotothek.

Otto Stern (1888–1969) – a physicist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1943 for determining the magnetic moment of proton and deuterium. He was born in Żory, he studied at the University of Wrocław and completed his PhD in 1912 in the field of physical chemistry, Archive of the University of Wrocław.

Max Born (1882–1970) – a physicist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954 for interpreting the square of the wave function in the Schroedinger equation as probability density of finding a particle. He was born in Wrocław. He was a son of an anatomy
and embryology professor of the University of Wrocław. He studied at the University of Wrocław, SLUB / Deutsche Fotothek.

Karl von Frisch (1886–1982) – a biologist and zoologist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1973 for describing a communication method used by bees. In 1923–1925 he was a zoological professor at the University of Wrocław, Archive of the University
of Wrocław.

Hans Georg Dehmelt (born in 1922) – an American physicist of German origin. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1989 for constructing ion traps. He was born in Görlitz (Zgorzelec). In 1943 as a veteran of the battle of Stalingrad he studied physics at the
University of Wrocław within a military program, Archive of the University of Wrocław.