Ludwik Hirszfeld as the first one in the world marked blood groups A, B, AB, 0. He discovered principles of inheriting blood groups and on this basis he developed a method to establish paternity. In 1947 he developed principles for the first blood transfusion in Poland conducted in a newborn with serological conflict. In 1950 he was nominated for the Nobel Prize. In 1954 he founded the PAN Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy in Wrocław.